Investigating Rational Analogy in the Spirit of John Stuart Mill: Bayesian Analysis of Confidence about Inferences across Aligned Simple Systems

نویسندگان

  • Bradley Rogers
  • David Landy
چکیده

What does it mean for analogy to be rational? John Stuart Mill described a probabilistic underpinning for analogical inference based on the the odds of observing systemic pairwise correspondence across otherwise independent systems by mere chance. Although proponents and critics have debated its validity, Mill’s approach has yet to be implemented computationally or studied psychologically. In this paper we examine Mill’s approach and show how it can be instantiated using Bayes theorem. Then we describe two experiments that present subjects with partially-revealed, aligned binary strings with varying degrees of intraand interstring regularity. Experimental results are compared to a formal rational analysis of the stimuli revealing conditions whereby participants exhibit confidence patterns consistent and inconsistent with Mill’s rational basis of analogy.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016